1. Definition

A forming machine is a technical device used to reshape workpieces through plastic deformation without removing material. The process applies forces beyond the material’s elastic limit to achieve a permanent shape change. Forming machines typically use pressure, tensile, or bending forces and are integral to manufacturing processes, especially in metalworking.

2. Applications

• Metalworking:
  Forming machines are widely used in producing sheets, tubes, wires, and other metal products. They are essential in the automotive, aerospace, and construction industries.

• Mass Production:
  These machines enable efficient production of large volumes with high precision and repeatability.

• Plastic Industry:
  In some cases, forming machines are used for shaping plastics, such as in packaging production.

• Jewelry and Watchmaking:
  Forming machines are used for precise work on small components, like jewelry or watch parts.

3. Types of Forming Machines

1. Presses:

   • Presses are the most common forming machines, using high pressure to bend, punch, or cut materials.
   • Examples: Eccentric presses, hydraulic presses, spindle presses.

2. Rolling Machines:

   • These machines shape materials by repeatedly rolling them between two or more cylinders. They are mainly used for sheets, wires, and tubes.

3. Drawing Machines:

   • Drawing machines pull materials like wire or tubes through a die to reduce cross-section or change shape.

4. Bending Machines:

   • These machines bend materials into specific angles or shapes, often used for architectural or automotive components.

5. Forging Presses:

   • These are specifically designed for forging parts such as axles or crankshafts.

6. Hydroforming Machines:

   • These specialized machines use liquid pressure to form workpieces into complex shapes, often in the automotive industry.

Forming machines are indispensable in modern manufacturing, providing a blend of high productivity, material efficiency, and precision.