1. Definition

An examination is a systematic process for assessing knowledge, skills, performance, or products against predefined standards. Examinations can take the form of written, oral, practical tests, or observations. Their purpose is to evaluate a person's proficiency, a product's functionality, or compliance with specific regulations.

2. Applications

Examinations are used in various fields, including:

• Education: Tests and exams in schools, universities, and training programs assess learning progress and comprehension of subjects.
• Professional Qualifications: Certifications, licensing exams, or trade tests evaluate professional competencies and suitability for specific roles.
• Industry and Manufacturing: Product testing and quality assurance ensure that goods meet required standards.
• Healthcare: Medical examinations and diagnostic tests help assess an individual’s health status.
• Legal Compliance: Examinations in the form of audits or inspections monitor adherence to legal regulations and internal policies.

3. Types of Examinations

Examinations can be categorized by their goals and methods:

1. Educational Examinations:

   • Written Exams: These evaluate participants' knowledge and analytical abilities in written form.
   • Oral Exams: These involve direct interaction, typically used in final assessments or interviews.
   • Practical Exams: Skills are tested through direct application, such as laboratory work or hands-on tasks.

2. Technical Examinations:

   • Quality Tests: These check products or processes for defects and compliance with standards.
   • Safety Inspections: These ensure that equipment or installations meet safety requirements.

3. Legal Examinations:

   • Audits: Detailed reviews of financial records, processes, or systems.
   • Inspections: Monitoring compliance with environmental, construction, or workplace safety regulations.

Examinations are critical for maintaining quality, ensuring safety, and tracking progress. They provide an objective basis for decision-making and contribute to continuous improvement across different sectors.