1. Definition

A cutting tool is a device or instrument used in machining processes to remove material from a workpiece, shaping it to the desired geometry. Cutting tools are typically made of hard, durable materials like high-speed steel, carbide, or ceramics to withstand the forces and temperatures generated during cutting. Their sharp edges are designed to shear material efficiently and precisely.

Cutting tools are integral to processes such as turning, milling, drilling, and grinding, which are fundamental in manufacturing and engineering industries.

2. Applications

Cutting tools are essential in various industries for:

• Manufacturing:
  Used to produce components for automobiles, aerospace, construction, and consumer goods.

• Prototyping:
  Employed to shape and refine prototypes for testing and validation.

• Repair and Maintenance:
  Used to reshape or adjust parts during equipment servicing.

• Precision Engineering:
  Cutting tools enable the creation of high-tolerance parts used in medical devices, electronics, and other specialized fields.

The choice of cutting tool depends on the material being worked on, the type of machining process, and the desired finish.

3. Types of Cutting Tools

Cutting tools are classified based on their purpose and machining process:

• Single-Point Cutting Tools:
  Used in turning and boring operations, these tools have a single cutting edge. Examples include lathe tools and boring bars.

• Multi-Point Cutting Tools:
  Used in milling, drilling, and broaching, these tools have multiple cutting edges. Examples include end mills, drills, and reamers.

• Abrasive Tools:
  Grinding wheels and abrasive belts remove material through friction rather than shearing, ideal for fine finishing or hard materials.

• Form Tools:
  Specialized tools designed to create specific shapes or profiles in a single pass, often used in mass production.

• Indexable Tools:
  Equipped with replaceable inserts, these tools minimize downtime and material waste, making them economical and efficient.

Cutting tools must be chosen and maintained carefully to ensure optimal performance, precision, and tool life in machining processes.