Definition

Corrosion is the chemical or electrochemical reaction of a material, typically metal, with its environment, resulting in the deterioration of its properties. This process often occurs through exposure to moisture, oxygen, or chemicals and can significantly affect the structural integrity of the material. Corrosion poses economic and safety challenges worldwide, making it a critical concern in many industries.

Types of Corrosion

1. Uniform Corrosion
   This type affects the entire surface of a material evenly. It is predictable and often manageable with proper protection.

2. Pitting Corrosion
   Causes small, localized holes in the material. This type is particularly dangerous as it is difficult to detect and can quickly lead to perforation.

3. Crevice Corrosion
   Occurs in confined spaces or under deposits where oxygen access is limited, such as in bolted joints or overlapping surfaces.

4. Intergranular Corrosion
   Targets the grain boundaries of the material, weakening it internally without noticeable external damage.

5. Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC)
   Results from the combination of mechanical stress and corrosive environments, potentially leading to sudden material failure.