1. Definition

The term "construction" generally refers to the act of erecting, designing, and modifying structures that serve various purposes in the environment. Construction encompasses the planning, design, and erection of physical structures that provide humans with shelter, functionality, and aesthetic value. Typical construction projects include residential homes, commercial buildings, bridges, roads, and infrastructure like water and power supply networks.

2. Application Areas

Construction is crucial in numerous fields and represents a significant part of civilization and the economy.

• Residential Construction: Involves creating houses and apartments where people live, with an emphasis on comfort, sustainability, and energy efficiency.
• Commercial Construction: Building commercial establishments like offices, factories, and shops ensures businesses operate in suitable spaces.
• Infrastructure Construction: Roads, bridges, tunnels, and utility networks are essential for transportation and public services, contributing to economic development.
• Public Buildings: Hospitals, schools, museums, and sports facilities are built for the public good and serve important social functions.

3. Types of Construction

• Building Construction: This includes structures like residential homes, offices, and hotels that rise above ground level, focusing on vertical structures and often aesthetics.
• Civil Engineering Construction: Involves the construction of roads, bridges, tunnels, and other infrastructure projects, focusing on structures at or below ground level.
• Industrial Construction: Covers technically complex projects like water supply systems, power plants, and sewage treatment facilities, requiring specialized engineering skills.
• Turnkey Construction: Provides a "ready-to-use" building where all planning, construction, and installation work is completed in a single package.